This paper introduces the characteristics and development history of near-infrared spectral analysis (NIR) technology. Technical points that need to be noted when applying NIR spectral analysis technology to the quality detection and control of cement raw meal out of the mill are proposed. When the near-infrared spectral analyzer is installed at the airslide where the raw meal exits the mill, the sampler better be an automatic sample-taking and sending type. The sampling point should be as close as possible to the NIR detection point, and the NIR detection site should be kept in a slightly negative pressure state. The NIR analyzer needs to be cooled during operation to ensure that the NIR analysis results are within the allowable error range. The advantages and disadvantages of PGNAA neutron activation analysis technology and NIR analysis technology are compared and analyzed. The results show that NIR analysis technology has more convenient market access, more obvious comprehensive cost advantages, and simpler later-stage maintenance, has certain application prospects.