The preparation process and thermal insulation mechanism of aerogel thermal insulation materials are introduced in detail, compared the performance advantages of aerogel insulation materials and traditional insulation materials. Combined with the application cases of aerogel thermal insulation materials in the cement industry, the application of aerogel thermal insulation materials in the cement rotary kiln, calciner, cooler system and auxiliary equipment of firing system are analyzed. Aerogel thermal insulation materials will gradually replace the traditional thermal insulation materials, establish a new thermal protection system, reduce energy consumption, and further promote the green transformation of energy saving and carbon reduction in the cement industry.