To implement national policies on capacity management and green, low-carbon development in the cement industry, China Building Materials Federation took the lead in organizing, and CNBM Equipment Group (TCDRI) undertook the compilation of the group standard T/CBMF 367-2025 “Monitoring and Accounting Method for Clinker Production in the Cement Industry.” This standard was released on December 29, 2025, and will take effect on February 1, 2026. This standard establishes China's first comprehensive online monitoring and accounting system for cement clinker production covering daily, monthly, and annual data. It specifies requirements for data collection, calculation methods, error analysis, and management, filling a gap in China's standards for dynamic monitoring of cement clinker output. The standard employs a daily production calculation method primarily based on the “raw/clinker conversion factor method” supplemented by the “inventory change method.” It introduces a monthly inventory adjustment mechanism and enhances data accuracy through annual material balance verification. The standard emphasizes standardized configuration of measuring instruments, data traceability, and online calibration to ensure production data is authentic, traceability, and consistency. Verified through production data from multiple enterprises, this scientifically sound calculation method will effectively support capacity regulation, carbon emission accounting, and high-quality development within the cement industry.

To investigate the influence of the arrangement form of tubular heat exchangers on the flow field uniformity characteristics inside the SCR reactor, this study adopts the numerical simulation method to compare and analyze the flow field characteristics under six heat exchanger arrangement forms, including the blank group (without heat exchange tubes), the matrix tube group, the staggered matrix tube group, the cross arrangement tube group, the transversely fully distributed tube group, as well as the combined scheme of matrix tube group and the flow distribution plate. Based on the Fluent software, the flow field inside the reactor is simulated. Taking the mass uniformity index of the catalyst inlet section (100mm above the catalyst surface) as the evaluation index, combined with the vortex structure visualization analysis based on the Q-criterion in Tecplot software, the causes of flow field inhomogeneity are revealed. The results show that the uniformity index of the blank group is 0.872; the uniformity indexes of the matrix tube group, staggered and cross arrangement schemes decrease to the range of 0.831 to 0.853; the uniformity index of the transversely fully distributed tube group is 0.892; while the combined scheme of matrix tube group and flow distribution plate achieves the optimal uniformity index of 0.946. The study confirms that it is difficult to achieve efficient flow equalization merely by adjusting the structure of heat exchange tubes, and it is necessary to coordinate with flow distribution devices. Considering the construction feasibility and maintenance space requirements comprehensively, the scheme of transversely fully distributed tube group - flow distribution plate is the optimal engineering solution.

Full-scale numerical investigation was conducted to characterize NO_X emission behavior in an industrial cement precalciner under staged combustion and biomass co-firing conditions. An Euler-Lagrange framework was employed to develop a three-dimensional model that resolves gas-phase combustion, pyrolysis of pulverized coal and biomass, as well as the formation and reduction pathways of NO. The model was validated through grid-independence analysis and comparison with on-site industrial measurements, with prediction deviations of temperature and NO concentration within 10%, demonstrating satisfac tory accuracy for industrial-scale simulation.The simulation results reveal that NO formation and reduction along the precalciner height exhibit a distinct evolution pattern, characterized by an initial low-rate conversion region, an intermediate strong reduction zone, and a downstream region dominated by NO formation. Based on this understanding, the effects of staged combustion optimization, including extension of the reduction zone and redistribution of fuel injection and oxygen concentration, were systematically evaluated. In addition, the NO_X mitigation performance of biomass co-firing with pulverized coal (corn straw) was investigated.The results indicate that staged combustion effectively suppresses NO formation by enhancing the reducing atmosphere within the precalciner. Moreover, biomass co-firing provides an efficient alternative for NO_X reduction without additional structural modification: when the biomass co-firing ratio is increased to 30%, the NO concentration at the precalciner outlet can be maintained at approximately 300ppm, while the raw meal decomposition rate remains above 92%. The present study provides quantitative insights into NO_X emission characteristics and offers practical guidance for low-NO_X operation of industrial cement precalciners.

A cement raw material mine in  Tibet is located in a high-altitude environment. Constrained by factors such as extreme cold, oxygen deficiency, and inadequate local 4G network coverage, the traditional mining mode faces challenges including low production efficiency, high safety risks, extensive resource management and control, and weak digital infrastructure. In response to the national call for intelligent mine construction, the mine, centered on the in-depth integration of digital twin, Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing technologies, has built an intelligent production management and control system cluster covering the entire chain of "geological resources-safe production-ecological protection" based on the "1+2+N" architecture system. This cluster includes 1 mine data center, 2 intelligent management and control platforms, and N sets of safety monitoring systems, with its collaborative operation guaranteed by a five-layer architecture including the data acquisition layer and infrastructure layer, realizing digital mapping and real-time collaborative management and control of the entire mine production process. Practice has shown that the system cluster significantly improves the mine's mining efficiency and resource recovery rate, reduces the energy consumption per ton of ore and safety accident rate, and shortens the emergency response time. It has successfully overcome the technical adaptation problems of high-altitude mining, providing a replicable model for the construction of intelligent production management and control in high-altitude mines, and demonstrating important exemplary value for the efficient, safe, and green development of mineral resources in special environments.

In order to increase early strength and achieving early demoulding in the production of precast concrete components. This study investigates the mechanical properties and hydration characteristics of a fly ash-cement system with fly ash (FA) contents under at 90℃ steam curing. Results show that under steam curing conditions, the final compressive and flexural strength of pure cement mortar (0%FA specimen) are lower compared to those under standard curing, which is reduced by 15.41% and 28.27%, respectively. Similarly, the final compressive and flexural strength of the mortars containing fly ash (15%FA and 30%FA specimen) under steam curing conditions are also lower than those under standard curing conditions, which decreased by 4.27% and 13.90% for the 15% FA specimen, and by 4.16% and 9.32% for the 30% FA specimen, respectively. Especially when the fly ash content reaches 45%, there is no loss in final compressive strength or flexural strength but rather an increase by 13.71% and 26.8%, respectively. Furthermore steam curing not only promotes cement hydration rate but also enhances secondary hydration reaction between early-stage fly ash and calcium hydroxide.

The grate cooler, as a core equipment in the new dry-process cement clinker production line, directly affects the production system's output, energy consumption, and product quality. In response to issues such as excessive load on the grate cooler after the preheater system upgrade, leading to large fluctuations in the material layer, oscillations in fan current, frequent adjustments by operators, and instability of secondary and tertiary air temperatures, a lightweight expert control system for the grate cooler was developed based on thermal balance theory and multivariable control technology. By dividing the air volume control zones into high, medium, and low temperature sections, setting the standard air volume per unit of clinker, and integrating neural network modeling and model predictive algorithms, the system achieves adaptive cooperative regulation of the grate speed and fan air volume. Application results show that after system implementation, the average daily clinker output increased by 181t/d, standard coal consumption per ton of clinker decreased by 0.45kgce/t, waste heat boiler power generation increased by 0.94kW·h/t, and Pyro system power consumption decreased by 1.02kW·h/t. Moreover, fluctuations in secondary and tertiary air temperatures were significantly reduced, with substantial improvements in equipment operational stability and energy utilization efficiency, providing a technical reference for the optimization of similar equipment in the cement industry.

The grinding roller is the core component of the TRM vertical mill, and the grinding roller bearing, as a key part of the grinding roller, directly affects the normal operation of the mill and the stability of the production line, making maintenance work crucial. Proper lubrication is key to the maintenance of grinding roller bearings. Firstly, it is essential to clarify that the main lubrication methods employed are circulating lubrication and oil bath lubrication. The selection of suitable lubricating oil should be based on actual working conditions, and the inspection and replacement specifications for lubricating oil must be strictly followed. Secondly, ensuring the stable operation of grinding roller bearings requires attention to oil temperature control, vibration monitoring, and sealing quality. Oil temperature is managed in real-time through a dedicated monitoring system, vibration data is collected and analyzed using online monitoring and fault diagnosis systems, and sealing is achieved through a combination of lip seals and "V-ring seals + gas seals". Finally, the preparatory work and assembly precautions for the on-site assembly and maintenance of grinding roller bearings are detailed. It is also pointed out that factors such as vibration and overload operation during production can affect the service life of grinding roller bearings, necessitating targeted preventive measures to effectively extend their service cycle.

To address the damage of key components in the rocker arm devices of TRM53.4 vertical roller mill during maintenance, a modular repair method utilizing similar semi-finished rocker arms was developed. This method focuses on redesigning and inlay welding critical parts including the roller ear plate and sealing frame’s locating flange. CNC programming enables efficient rough machining of structural elements such as locating flanges and roller shaft holes. By optimizing cutting parameters and tool paths during processing, the method significantly reduces processing cycles for large critical components while maintaining repair quality, effectively meeting clients' urgent maintenance schedule demands. Practical validation confirms the strong feasibility of this integrated modular repair and efficient rough machining process. This solution not only reduces maintenance costs but also enhances repair efficiency, providing a reliable emergency repair solution for vertical roller mill rocker arms.

In order to solve the problems of labor intensiveness, high cost and low efficiency in traditional manual cable laying in the electromechanical installation of cement engineering projects, a solution of mechanized cable laying is proposed. The cable conveyor and the engine power winch are the key equipment in this solution. The solution takes cable conveyors and electric winches as the core equipment which has the technical characteristics of portable equipment,flexible operation and less damage to the cable, and is suitable for complex construction conditions.Trials and comparisons conducted at three representative laying scenarios for a 5 000t/d cement clinker production line in Zhejiang Province demonstrated that the efficiency of mechanical cable laying for large cross-section cables can reach 76~102 meters per person per day, which is 6~8 times that of manual laying. For small cross-section cables, a combined human-machine approach improves efficiency by 21% compared to manual methods, while mechanized installation reduces costs by 81%~86% and effectively lowers both physical strain and safety risks. The mechanical cable laying can further guarantee the cable laying quality and efficiency by optimizing the preparatory work, arranging the equipment reasonably and strengthening the inspection after laying. It is a better construction solution for the electromechanical installation of cement engineering projects.

To address the high failure rate, low heat recovery efficiency, and high energy consumption of a reciprocating push grate cooler in a cement production line, an upgrade was carried out by installing the walking-step high-efficiency grate cooler (W9830R19) with a central roller crusher. The upgrade involved replacing the core equipment of the clinker cooler, optimizing the crushing and lubrication systems, adjusting the fan configuration, and implementing advanced technologies such as efficient clinker distribution and rapid cooling, independent hydraulic drive, double-layer labyrinth seals, and IMCC intelligent control, along with the installation of flow control valves to achieve on-demand distribution of cooling air. After the upgrade, the effective area of the grate bed increased from 138m² to 169m², the secondary air temperature reached ≥1 150℃, the tertiary air temperature reached ≥950℃, the heat recovery efficiency was ≥75%, and the temperature of the clinker leaving the grate cooler was reduced to ≤ ambient temperature + 65℃. The standard coal consumption per ton of clinker decreased by 2.68 kg/t.cl, and the power generation increased by 1~2kW·h/t.cl. The upgrade improved the operational stability of the system and energy utilization efficiency, achieving significant energy conservation and consumption reduction effects. 

Taking the 6 000t/d cement clinker production line of DCCP in Iraq as the research object, in view of the problems that the project's iron ore relies on imports from Turkey and Iran, with long transportation distances (about 323km and 281km respectively), high costs (average 75 US dollars /t), and unstable supply affected by seasons, the practice of reducing costs and increasing efficiency in the proportioning design of iron ore raw materials is carried out. By changing the traditional approach of solely relying on iron ore to meet the aluminum ratio in cement production, a proportioning scheme of "high-alumina clay + low-alumina clay" (in a ratio of 5:1) was adopted, with a reduction in iron ore usage. Combined with the physical properties and chemical composition analysis of raw materials, a series of tests such as grindability and flammability were carried out to optimize the proportioning parameters. The results show that after the commissioning, the average daily consumption of iron ore decreased by 0.11%, and the net savings in the annual comprehensive cost were 151 600 US dollars. The content of C₄AF in clinker increased from 10.46% to 12.56%, effectively reducing the generation of fly sand during clinker calcination. Moreover, the compressive strengths of clinker at 2d and 28d increased by 3MPa and 2.5MPa respectively, and the quality met the EU cement standard (BS EN197-1:2011). This project is constructed overseas using Chinese technology, standards and equipment, providing a feasible technical reference solution for reducing raw material costs and improving efficiency for similar cement projects along the Belt and Road.

To address the issues of reduced clinker strength and increased material consumption in a 6 000t/d cement production line caused by changes in raw materials and fuel, a specialized technical initiative was implemented. By strengthening quality control of raw materials and fuel, the project strictly regulated the MgO content in limestone, the alkali content in siliceous raw materials, and the stability of raw coal blending. The clinker three-ratio values were optimized to improve the burnability of raw meal. A 3.5% yellow phosphorus slag was added as a mineralizer to promote C₃S formation and crystallization. Raw meal grinding aids were introduced to enhance particle size distribution and homogeneity. Precise control temperatures at the kiln inlet and outlet , tertiary air dampers, and grate cooler air supply ratios was implemented to improve calcination and cooling efficiency. Post-implementation results showed that the 3d clinker strength reached 33.4MPa (a 2.4MPa increase year-on-year), and the 28d strength reached 62.8MPa (a 3.2MPa increase year-on-year). The qualified rate of free calcium improved to 94.1%, achieving high-quality, efficient, and low-consumption operation of the kiln system. These measures also reduced corporate carbon emission pressure, providing technical support for sustainable development in the cement industry.

To address the issues of idle equipment, high energy consumption, and elevated costs in traditional slag powder production at a 4 500t/d cement clinker production line, this study implemented technical upgrades to the idle coal vertical mill, pneumatic conveying system, fly ash storage, and dispersion system, establishing an integrated "production-conveyance-self-use-outbound" process for S95-grade slag. The project utilized waste heat from clinker grate coolers to replace hot blast stove energy, optimized grinding pressure and baffle ring height parameters of the coal vertical mill to improve slag grindability, and improved the slag conveying and metering systems to resolve issues of excessive grinding and storage collapse causing cement mill blockages. Post-upgrade, the slag's technical specifications met S95-grade slag quality standards, achieving a 28d activity index of 102.2%. When replacing 7% of clinker with slag in cement production, the system increased hourly mill output by 18t/h, reduced power consumption by 1.4kW·h/t, and generated annual economic benefits of 5.771 5 million RMB through self-use and outbound sales, successfully realizing efficient utilization of idle resources and achieving energy-saving transformation goals.

 In order to address the limitations of traditional slope terminology in open-pit mining and to compensate for the insufficiency of relying solely on the final slope angle in interpreting the slope risks during the mining process, this study systematically explores the practical value of introducing the concept of the sublevel slope angle through theoretical analysis and case study. The sublevel slope angle refers to the angle between a hypothetical slope plan formed by the benches at each mining level during the mining process and the horizontal plane. Together with the final slope angle, it constitutes the angles terminology of the non-working slope and exhibits process-related characteristics. Research indicates that this concept can enhance the terminology system in slope engineering, reduce ambiguity, improve communication efficiency, and dynamically reflect the accumulation of risks resulting from non-compliant practices during mining, such as exceeding the designed bench height or improper configuration of safety and cleaning berms. By analyzing a collapse accident case at an open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia, it is demonstrated that the introduction of the sublevel slope angle is useful to identify potential slope instability hazards timely and accurately. This concept provides an effective evaluation tool for both internal mining control and external safety supervision, holding significant importance for promoting the standardization and precision of slope safety management in open-pit mining.