With the deepening of national carbon dioxide reduction work, the cement industry, as an important source of carbon dioxide emissions, has received widespread attention. This article introduces the classification of carbon emission sources and methods of carbon dioxide emission measurement in the cement production process. Carbon dioxide emission sources can be divided into direct emission sources and indirect emission sources, meanwhile methods of carbon dioxide emission measurement mainly include carbon dioxide emission calculation methods and carbon emission online monitoring measurement methods. This article provides an overview of the main technologies for carbon dioxide capture in the cement industry at home and abroad, with a focus on the current application status of oxygen enriched/full oxygen combustion technology in the cement industry. At present, the main technological paths for carbon dioxide utilization in the cement industry include concrete carbonation curing, waste slag mineralization utilization, and preparation of new carbon fixing materials. In the future, the cement industry needs to continue to make efforts in reducing carbon dioxide capture costs, optimizing carbon dioxide emission measurement methods, and efficiently utilizing carbon dioxide resources to further promote the achievement of carbon reduction goals in cement production.