The compressive strength of cement clinker is one of the most critical control indicators in cement production. The morphology, types, and content of minerals contained in cement clinker were obtained through petrographic analysis, diffraction analysis and Jinde calculation method. Analysis shows that different types of minerals play different roles in the hydration process of cement clinker. Different forms of the same mineral have different hydration effects on cement clinker. The uniformity of the distribution of the same mineral also affects the compressive strength of cement clinker. The morphology, content, and uniform distribution of the main minerals play a crucial role in controlling the compressive strength of cement clinker. Excessive free calcium and periclase are detrimental to the formation and crystal development of the main minerals in cement clinker. When the alkali content is high, it will lead to a decrease in the compressive strength of cement clinker. To improve the compressive strength of cement clinker, it is not only necessary to control the content of the main mineral components, but also to pay attention to the crystal development of each mineral component and the sodium and potassium content of the raw materials.