With the deepening advancement of the “dual carbon” strategy, carbon emission reduction in the cement industry has become a core task for its sustainable development. As hazardous waste generated by the petroleum industry, the harmless and resource-efficient disposal of oil sludge represents a significant challenge in environmental protection.Cement kilns, leveraging their unique advantages of high temperature, large capacity, and alkaline environment, achieve dual benefits of environmental and economic gains in the co-disposal of oil sludge.This paper systematically analyzes the physicochemical properties of oil sludge and details the process flows and emission reduction effects of three mainstream technical pathways: direct pumping disposal, mixed pumping disposal, and disposal after pretreatment and dewatering. It further explores two cutting-edge technological trends — pre-combustion and pyrolysis — and proposes optimization directions to address current challenges such as increased energy consumption and kiln condition fluctuations during disposal. This research provides theoretical support for establishing a clean, low-carbon energy utilization system within the cement industry.