The cement kiln online thermal calibration system is based on the MES production execution and control information system. Through intelligent instruments and meters, it continuously collects, stores, and cleans production operation data online, regularly completes thermal index accounting, and outputs calibration reports. The network architecture, data collection sources, measurement methods, and calculation basis of the online thermal calibration system were introduced, as followed, the achievable system functions were list. And then the calculation process of core thermal indicators such as primary air flow at the kiln head, cooling machine drum air flow, system air leakage, C1 outlet dust concentration, and clinker formation heat were explained. At last it was applied an online thermal calibration system in Huaikan South project to quantitatively compare and analyze the thermal efficiency of the cooling machine before and after maintenance in March 2023. The thermal efficiency of the cooling machine increased by 3% to 4%, and the results of online thermal calibration analysis were highly consistent with manual analysis, achieving a transformation from offline thermal calibration to online thermal calibration.