There is a problem of intensified axial vibration of the drive end bearing in the high-temperature fan of a 5 000t/d cement clinker production line. The diagnostic process of vibration fault detection technology is introduced. By using a multi-channel vibration detection analyzer detection technology, 12 vibration detection points, including the high-temperature fan, motor, and fan drive end, non-drive end horizontal, vertical, and axial positions, were determined. The vibration rates of each detection point were collected and a frequency spectrum was generated. Through spectrum distribution diagnosis analysis, it is found that the large axial vibration at the driving end of the high-temperature fan is mainly caused by production process reasons such as wind pressure back pressure impact and initial cracking of the cement foundation. After removing some louver valves and replacing the filter bag of the kiln tail bag dust collector, the axial vibration value of the bearing at the driving end of the high-temperature fan returned to normal.