Electrode configuration is an important component of electrostatic precipitators. Through experiments, the surface current density and distribution of six commonly used cathode wires and C480 anode plate configurations in industry were discussed, and the influence of different electrode configurations on electric field characteristics was analyzed. In order to improve the phenomenon of "current blind spot" in the supporting circular tube of RS and BS wire structures and suppress the corona caused by the inner and outer spikes of BS wire, an optimization plan for the cathode wire structure was proposed. Based on the pilot experiment of three electric fields, a layout form for the combination application of electrode configuration in the front and rear electric fields of the electrostatic precipitator was given. The results showed that after optimizing the electrode configuration combination method, the dust concentration at the outlet of the electrostatic precipitator can be reduced by 77.68%.