Abstract: The roller is the core component of the vertical roller mill, and usually adopts the combination of cylindrical bearing and double-row conical bearing, how to improve the bearing life and reduce the cost of roller is the focus of current research. The traditional calculation method for the bearing life of the roller is based on the assumption of uniform distribution of the pressure on the roller surface, resulting in a significant difference between the calculated life and the actual service life. This paper proposes a new calculation method that adjusts the loading position of the roller pressure to the large end of the roller sleeve, and the positions of the cylindrical bearing and the conical bearing are reversed, the life of cylindrical bearing and double-row tapered bearing is more than 80 000h by force analysis and calculation. At the same time, the bearing selection is optimized according to the new configuration scheme, and the stress calculation of roller shaft and finite element analysis of roller shaft and hub are carried out, which effectively reduces the redundant design of bearing. The practical application shows that the optimized roller bearing configuration has been successfully operated for more than three years, which has improved the reliability and service life of the equipment, saved the cost and achieved remarkable economic benefits.